Network WAN question

[Jez_Gafys]

Not really a lan query, I would just like your comments on leased lines. I want to know the advantages and disadvantages between Kilostream lines and Frame Relay. I know kilostreams are distance and cost related but what advantages have fram relay over kilostream?


Also I have lots pf ppl talking to me about T1 and T3 lines telling me how fast they are etc and all they other stupid names they come out with them and what speeds that can actually run at. I have a loit of knowledge with these leased lines and I think im gunna explain it to you all and help you get some better understanding of these lines. many ppl say that an E1 is the same as a T1 and T3 is same as an E3 THIS IS NOT THAT CASE, THAT IS BOLLOX, so Im here to explain to you all the different types of leased lines and speeds.

A T1 circuit is actually made up of 24 DS0 channels. Each of these DS0 Channels is usally 64kbps (but can be 56), which gives you an overall capacity of 1.536Mbps for a full T1 (a clear T1 channel as the available bandwidth of 1.544Mbps. A T3 circuit is made up of 28 DS1 channels (T1's) So each channel is 1.544Mbps giving an overal capacity of 43.232Mbs.
T3 is also known has DS3, many ppl say that a T3 is 45Mbps but actually they are capable of 50Mbps.

No talking about E1s and E3 these are the European versions of these lines and E1 as 32 channels and its bandwidth is 2.048Mbps and an E3 consists of 16 E1 channels with bandwidth of 34.368Mbs (including overhead) so though an E1 is faster then a T1 a T3 is faster then an E3.

So here is a table of the leased lines available if something is missing tough my memory isnt the best

Transport Type

DS0 (aka ISDN) - 56Kbps (US) or 64Kbps (uk)
DS1/T1 - 1.544Mbps
E1 - 2.048Mbps
E3 - 34Mbps
DS3/T3 - 45Mbps
OC3c - 155Mbps
OC12c - 622Mbps
OC48c - 2.4Gbps
OC192c - 9.6Gbps


Well I think thats all the leased lines that you can get and I hope that this information as been help to that wanting to know and those who thought they know : )

Enjoy

[Jazza]

Type of Connection Speed
--
T1 / DS-1 1.544 Mbps
T1c / DS-1c 3.152 Mbps
T2 / DS-2 6.312 Mbps
T3 / DS-3 44.736 Mbps
T4 / DS-4 274.760 Mbps
E1 2.048 Mbps
E3 34.368 Mbps
OC-1 51.840 Mbps
OC-3 / OC-3c 155.520 Mbps
OC-12 / OC-12c 622.080 Mbps
OC-48 / OC-48c 2.488320 Gbps
OC-192 9.6 Gbps

[wishy]

Originally posted by Jazza2

OC-192 9.6 Gbps

Please Mummy, can i have one, please please please. You can take it out of my pocket money :D

[bvark]

/me glances at the Connections & Internetworking forum. Surely this should be in there?

The difference between Frame Relay and a kilostream (or whatever BT are calling a leased line this week) is that with frame relay, your data is packet switched across a network that may be oversubscribed.
Frame relay can also be setup as a 'cloud', with point-to-multipoint connections (as opposed to a circuit, which goes from one place to another).

A kilostream line is a layer-1 circuit, that in the absence of buggering about in the middle (e.g. circuit emulation) has a fixed data rate that cannot be oversubscribed - i.e. what you pay for is what you get (in the absence of a fault).

Typically, people buy frame relay or ATM if they're going over very long distances (because it's much cheaper), or if they want to do some kind of branch and central office scenario without lots of real circuits.
People buy circuits for higher capacity (because until recently, FR topped out at 2Mbit), or greater control over the bandwidth and delay characteristics.

http://www.epanorama.net/telecom.html isn't a bad site for definitions and standards information, should you be having ttrouble sleeping :-)

Oh, and I absolutely promise you you will never get more than 44736kbps from a real T3 without compression.

/me strokes his transatlantic OC192s. Wishy, if your mum has a couple of hundred million quid, I'll sell you one of them :-)

[ReDuX-iT]

erm, whats the word im looking for.... ahh thats it.... **** ! :-p

[ReDuX-iT]

heh.. wont display it. :)

[Jez_Gafys]

Jazza where u get your figures from??

and was u making lines up, are are this lines new??

T1c, T2, T4 WTF where you find these lines???

You T3 speeds are as if they are made up because they are the joint speeds of T1s getting to 50Mbps is without overheads

the Oc192 is 4 Oc48 so you weird figure that you gave is just bull ****.

As you should know the figures (speeds) are produed from the original DS0 speeds so if the speeds you mention are not divisable from that number then Id have to say that those speeds are just made up.

Oh this is what I had learned from my Cisco engineering courses so I had a good backing for the tutor.

[Jez_Gafys]

oh and bvark compression wouldnt change the speed of the line, the line would still go at a certain speed just the amount of data that has been transferred would be greater.

Eg you have a 10Mb Movie file and a 5Mb/sec line
You zip the movie file up to 5Mb

Then send it the uncompressed movie takes 2 seconds the compressed movie takes 1 second, even though in each case you have in theory transfered 10Mb but the line as only transfered 5Mb/sec no more no less just due to the comrpession you received more data in less time. But the line is never faster.

Hope you understand that from my example

[Jez_Gafys]

[SquireMuldoon]

Im sure bvark knows what compression is. Threre no need to get wound up about it.

Chill Winston!

[bvark]

Jazza2's numbers are right. http://163.18.14.55/datapro/49733-1.htm has the skinny.

The data rate of SDH/SONET lines (designated by OC- or STM- speeds) is not an exact multiple of DS0s. Neither are higher-rate PDH circuits an exact multiple of the lower-rate circuits. These are both products of PDH multiplexing.

The usual multiplexing path is 28 x T1 (1.544Mb) to T3 (44.736MB) into an STS-1 container (51.840Mb), and then on into SONET. The bits you lose in the multiplexing are buffer space for the pointer bits, and management overhead.

T2, E2, T4 and E4 (and E5, and J1-5) standards do exist, but aren't very popular, since most multiplexers will skip E2/T2, and E3 & DS3 lines are more easily put into a SONET/SDH payload then encapsulated further in lossy PDH.

Jez, if your Cisco instructor told you that all PDH&SDH speeds are exact DS0 multiples and that a T3 line 'is capable of 50Mbits', I'd ask for your money back on that course.

[Cabe]

Originally posted by wishy

Please Mummy, can i have one, please please please. You can take it out of my pocket money :D

Ph34r

OC-768 40 Gbps

:eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek: :eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek::eek:

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212685,00.html

[wishy]

N9ow that'd be greedy cabe, and besides, i'd have to spend some money on a couple of gigabit ethernet cards to get the best use out of it :D

[WhiteKnight]

Come on guys... it doesnt matter how fast the link is.. you can only l33ch dow soo much pr0n in your life time.........

.......

......


.....


Wait.....


WTF am i on about..

Somebody slap me !

Gimme a hand full of OC768`s and a 1,000Pb (Peta Bytes :D) of HD space :D

[ReDuX-iT]

lol.
/me slaps WK 'ard wiv a pr0n mag

[wishy]

Ah, but can the mags be encrypted and hidden from parents on non logical partitions? :D

[ReDuX-iT]

err... not on my planet no. yours ?
magz dont seem to fit into the little 3.5" case.

[wishy]

I don't do porn anyway, honest

[ReDuX-iT]

pfft !

[wishy]

Those Encrypted CD's marked backups really are just that :D

[Cabe]

Originally posted by WhiteKnight
1,000Pb (Peta Bytes :D) of HD space :D

accordion to IBM Exabyte storage solution will be available soon. thats 10^18 bytes or approximately 931322574 gigabytes!!!!!!

[SquireMuldoon]

That is just TOO much porn.

[Cabe]

your point?

I do belive that Wishy was discussing the fact that Pr0n was universal

[wishy]

No, there is a clear record on wildhogs sig, I said porn was sold in far more places than micromart, someone else said porn was universal

[ReDuX-iT]

well, it is. and u can never have too much. 931,000 PetaBytes is a nice round figure ;-)

dont even think about bringin that to an i-series.. it would get used and abused and wont last long atall. :)

[SquireMuldoon]

It was in fact my good self that said "But pr0n is universal.... micromart is a 'specialist' magazine". And its in werewolf's signature.

[ReDuX-iT]

Pr0n is universal ? this comes from the Wh0re of Babylon ? ..

something aint rite...

[wishy]

Originally posted by ReDuX-iT
well, it is. and u can never have too much. 931,000 PetaBytes is a nice round figure ;-)

Can i borrow it, i need somewhere to store my...

[Jez_Gafys]

Does anyone remeber the storing of infomation within atoms?

It is possible to electricly charge a hydrogron atom this method could then be used to store information.

It is also possible to store approx. 1Mb of information on a single sheet of a4 paper, just think of saving you games onto paper which are then scaned in and loaded when needed.

[SquireMuldoon]

I imagine it would suck.

[Hitori]

does that go down to 1/2 a mb if its recycled paper?
what about if its already got ink on it?

cork

[Nexus]

But more importantly, does it support re-writing, and and what speed?

What if you have two scanners?

Can u stripe data accross two sheets of paper, for increased speed/capacity?

What about identical sheets to improve reliability in case ur dog eats one sheet?

[Jez_Gafys]

deary deary me :)

Im still waiting for the day that Windows is released on cartridge so it loads into windows in a few seconds. and Id like to see drivers for pci/agp cards stored on some flash ram or something on the cards themselves then u can get rid off all those unneceassy driver disks...good idea yes/no???

[wishy]

In theory, it would be good, but theres no way to update it. HP actually did that on an omnibook with dos 6.2 and win3.11. Fast aparrently, but now its just too big. And again, with AGP/PCI, you still can't update drivers easily. Its more prone to failiure.

Of course, you could just leave your computer on and remove problems with slow booting :D

[Cabe]

There was a company advertised in PC PRo the other month, called HyperOS, it loaded the entire OS in to a Gig Ram Drive. Problem was it took longer to load it into the ramdrive than a standard boot, for no discernable speed increase.

[Hitori]

how much is a pedabyte hdd tho?

cork

[wishy]

As its a hard drive, It will be 1000 Gb's, as hdd manufactures assume 1000 byte = 1kbyte. If it was memory, it'd be 1024gb

[SquireMuldoon]

There's no assumption about it. Its a marketing strategy.
By using the classic meanings of metric nomenclature, drive manufacturers can make their drives appear to have a larger storage capacity than they really do under the base2 adaptation of metric names, which in this case would be more correct.

Fortunately this is something the memory market has not followed (yet).

[Nukes]

I have seen some systems register 16mb ram as 16000KB tho, same with some 8 and 32 systems.
Maybe some OEMs think it works that way?
However once it got into windows it showed was 15 mb.

[MONK]

Yes and this is why we have now made the 5-bit byte just to make thing easier for you :D

[Big Giant Head]

Actually SanDisk measure their flash memory in the same way using the metric version to make them appear larger

cheap trick

[bvark]

http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html

The IEEE standards board has decided to introduce new terms for powers of two, and keep the familiar SI ones for powers of ten

Examples and comparisons with SI prefixes
one kibibit 1 Kibit = 2^10 bit = 1024 bit
one kilobit 1 kbit = 103 bit = 1000 bit
one mebibyte 1 MiB = 2^20 B = 1 048 576 B
one megabyte 1 MB = 10^6 B = 1 000 000 B
one gibibyte 1 GiB = 2^30 B = 1 073 741 824 B
one gigabyte 1 GB = 10^9 B = 1 000 000 000 B

[Cabe]

Originally posted by bvark
[url]one gibibyte 1 GiB = 2^30 B = 1 073 741 824 B

is that for measuring really high scores in FPS's ?

[Jez_Gafys]

yes but wishy if you could like flash your cards with updated drivers it would be so much easier, eliminating a need for driver disks for hardware.

[MONK]

It took you three and a half months to reply!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[KermitTheFrag]

Originally posted by Jez_Gafys
deary deary me :)

Im still waiting for the day that Windows is released on cartridge so it loads into windows in a few seconds. and Id like to see drivers for pci/agp cards stored on some flash ram or something on the cards themselves then u can get rid off all those unneceassy driver disks...good idea yes/no???

Its been done... Acorn/RiscOS anyone. the whole (!) OS boots from 4Mb of ROMs, the drivers are on the hardware, and it boots in 5 seconds flat.

And yes you can still get new ones :)

http://www.castle.org.uk/castle/kinspec.htm
http://www.riscos.com/

You cant kill something good :)